random — stdlib v6.0

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# View Source random (stdlib v6.0)

This module is deprecated. Use the module 'rand' instead.

Pseudo-random number generation.

This module provides a random number generator. The method is attributed to B.A. Wichmann and I.D. Hill in 'An efficient and portable pseudo-random number generator', Journal of Applied Statistics. AS183. 1982. Also Byte March 1987.

The algorithm is a modification of the version attributed to Richard A. O'Keefe in the standard Prolog library.

Every time a random number is requested, a state is used to calculate it, and a new state is produced. The state can either be implicit (kept in the process dictionary) or be an explicit argument and return value. In this implementation, the state (the type `ran/0`) consists of a tuple of three integers.

> #### Note

> This random number generator is not cryptographically strong. If a strong cryptographic random number generator is needed, use one of functions in the `crypto` module, for example, `crypto:strong_rand_bytes/1`.

> #### Note

> The improved `rand` module is to be used instead of this module.

## Note

Some of the functions use the process dictionary variable `random_seed` to remember the current seed.

If a process calls `uniform/0` or `uniform/1` without setting a seed first, `seed/0` is called automatically.

The implementation changed in Erlang/OTP R15. Upgrading to R15 breaks applications that expect a specific output for a specified seed. The output is still deterministic number series, but different compared to releases older than R15. Seed `{0,0,0}` does, for example, no longer produce a flawed series of only zeros.

# Summary

## Types

ran()

The state.

## Functions

seed0() deprecated

Returns the default state.

seed() deprecated

Seeds random number generation with default (fixed) values in the process dictionary and returns the old state.

seed(SValue) deprecated

`seed({A1, A2, A3})` is equivalent to `seed(A1, A2, A3)`.

seed(A1, A2, A3) deprecated

Seeds random number generation with integer values in the process dictionary and returns the old state.

uniform() deprecated

Returns a random float uniformly distributed between `0.0` and `1.0`, updating the state in the process dictionary.

uniform(N) deprecated

Returns, for a specified integer `N >= 1`, a random integer uniformly distributed between `1` and `N`, updating the state in the process dictionary.

uniform_s(State0) deprecated

Returns, for a specified state, a random float uniformly distributed between `0.0` and `1.0`, and a new state.

uniform_s(N, State0) deprecated

Returns, for a specified integer `N >= 1` and a state, a random integer uniformly distributed between `1` and `N`, and a new state.

# Types

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# ran()

View Source (not exported)

    -type ran() :: {integer(), integer(), integer()}.

The state.

# Functions

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# seed0()

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This function is deprecated. random:seed0/0 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec seed0() -> ran().

Returns the default state.

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# seed()

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This function is deprecated. random:seed/0 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec seed() -> ran().

Seeds random number generation with default (fixed) values in the process dictionary and returns the old state.

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# seed(SValue)

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This function is deprecated. random:seed/1 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec seed(SValue) -> undefined | ran()
                  when SValue :: {A1, A2, A3} | integer(), A1 :: integer(), A2 :: integer(), A3 :: integer().

`seed({A1, A2, A3})` is equivalent to `seed(A1, A2, A3)`.

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# seed(A1, A2, A3)

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This function is deprecated. random:seed/3 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec seed(A1, A2, A3) -> undefined | ran() when A1 :: integer(), A2 :: integer(), A3 :: integer().

Seeds random number generation with integer values in the process dictionary and returns the old state.

The following is an easy way of obtaining a unique value to seed with:

    random:seed(erlang:phash2([node()]),
                erlang:monotonic_time(),
                erlang:unique_integer())

For details, see `erlang:phash2/1`, `erlang:node/0`, `erlang:monotonic_time/0`, and `erlang:unique_integer/0`.

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# uniform()

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This function is deprecated. random:uniform/0 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec uniform() -> float().

Returns a random float uniformly distributed between `0.0` and `1.0`, updating the state in the process dictionary.

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# uniform(N)

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This function is deprecated. random:uniform/1 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec uniform(N) -> pos_integer() when N :: pos_integer().

Returns, for a specified integer `N >= 1`, a random integer uniformly distributed between `1` and `N`, updating the state in the process dictionary.

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# uniform_s(State0)

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This function is deprecated. random:uniform_s/1 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec uniform_s(State0) -> {float(), State1} when State0 :: ran(), State1 :: ran().

Returns, for a specified state, a random float uniformly distributed between `0.0` and `1.0`, and a new state.

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# uniform_s(N, State0)

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This function is deprecated. random:uniform_s/2 is deprecated; use the 'rand' module instead.

    -spec uniform_s(N, State0) -> {integer(), State1}
                       when N :: pos_integer(), State0 :: ran(), State1 :: ran().

Returns, for a specified integer `N >= 1` and a state, a random integer uniformly distributed between `1` and `N`, and a new state.