Python: importación de módulos

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# Importar módulos de Python

LibreOffice Python scripts come in three distinct flavors, they can be personal, shared or embedded in documents. They are stored in varying places described in Python Scripts Organization and Location. In order to import Python modules, their locations must be known from Python at run time.

This mechanism is illustrated for file system based modules and document based modules. Exception handling is omitted for clarity. The terms library or directory, scripts or modules are used interchangeably. A Python macro refers to a function inside a module.

Note that /Scripts/python/pythonpath local directory is always explored when running a Python macro from /Scripts/python.

## File System module import

LibreOffice Basic libraries contain classes, routines and variables, Python modules contain classes, functions and variables. Common pieces of reusable Python or UNO features must be stored in My macros within (User Profile)/Scripts/python/pythonpath. Python libraries help organize modules in order to prevent module name collisions. Import uno.py inside shared modules.

### Módulos de usuario o compartidos

Personal & shared Python scripts can be imported once their directories are included in Python run time path. Refer to Getting session information page for more details regarding omitted Session Class.

            # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
            from __future__ import unicode_literals
            import sys

            user_lib = Session().UserPythonScripts  # Ubicación de las secuencias de órdenes del usuario
            if not user_lib in sys.path:
                sys.path.insert(0, user_lib)  # Añadir a la ruta de búsqueda
            import screen_io as ui  # el módulo «screen_io.py» se encuentra en el directorio user_lib
            # Su código comienza a partir de aquí

This Python example exposes a local XSCRIPTCONTEXT variable to an imported module:

            # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
            from __future__ import unicode_literals
            import uno, sys

            share_lib = Session.SharedPythonScripts()  # Shared scripts location
            if not share_lib in sys.path:
                sys.path.insert(0, share_lib)  # Añadir a la ruta de búsqueda
            from IDE_utils import ScriptContext  # «IDE_utils.py» se encuentra en las secuencias de órdenes Python compartidas.
            XSCRIPTCONTEXT = ScriptContext(uno.getComponentContext)
            # Su código comienza a partir de aquí

### Módulos de instalación para aplicaciones

A diferencia de las secuencias personales y compartidas, siempre es posible importar las secuencias instaladas por LibreOffice. Junto con los módulos Python uno y unohelper de LibreOffice, es posible importar otras secuencias que estén en el directorio /program, como es el caso del módulo msgbox.

Con el intérprete de Python:

>>> import msgbox, uno

>>> myBox = msgbox.MsgBox(uno.getComponentContext())

>>> myBox.addButton("okay")

>>> myBox.renderFromButtonSize()

>>> myBox.numberOflines = 2

>>> print(myBox.show("A small message",0,"Dialog title"))

## Document Module Import

Importing a Python document embedded module is illustrated below. Error handling is not detailed. Python run time path is updated when document has been opened and before closure. Refer to Event-Driven Macros to learn how to associate Python macros to document events.

            # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
            from __future__ import unicode_literals

            import sys, uno

            def OnDocPostOpenLoadPython():
                """ Prepare Python modules import when doc. loaded """
                PythonLibraries.loadLibrary('lib/subdir')  # Add directory to search path
                PythonLibraries.loadLibrary('my_gui', 'screen_io')  # Add dir. & import screen_io

            def OnDocQueryCloseUnloadPython():
                """ Cleanup PYTHON_PATH when doc. Gets closed """
                PythonLibraries.unloadLibrary('my_gui')  # Python runtime path cleanup
                # Nota: los módulos importados permanecen cargados en este ejemplo.

            class PythonLibraries():
                """ Cargador de bibliotecas e importador de módulos para Python

                adaptado de la «Bibliothèque de fonctions» de Hubert Lambert
                en https://forum.openoffice.org/fr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=286213 """
                def isImportedModule(module_name: str) -> bool:
                    """ Comprobar lista de módulos de tiempo de ejecución """
                    return (module_name in sys.modules.keys())
                def isLoadedLibrary(lib_name: str) -> bool:
                    """ Comprobar contenido de PYTHON_PATH """
                    return (lib_name in sys.path)
                def loadLibrary(lib_name: str, module_name=None):
                    """ add directory to PYTHON_PATH, import named module """
                    doc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument()
                    url = uno.fileUrlToSystemPath(
                        '{}/{}'.format(doc.URL,'Scripts/python/'+lib_name)
                    if not url in sys.path:
                        sys.path.insert(0, url)
                    if module_name and not module_name in sys.modules.keys():
                        return zipimport.zipimporter(url).load_module(module_name)
                def unloadLibrary(lib_name: str):
                    """ remove directory from PYTHON_PATH """
                    sys.path.remove(lib_name)

            g_exportedScripts = (OnDocPostOpenLoadPython, OnDocQueryCloseUnloadPython)

Temas relacionados

Obtener información de la sesión

Programar con secuencias de órdenes en Python

Organización y ubicación de las macros en Python

Refer to Creating a Python Listener for examples of event-driven macros.