Thread (Java SE 15 & JDK 15)
Description: declaration: module: java.base, package: java.lang, class: Thread
Keywords: java.lang.Thread class

Module java.base
Package java.lang

# Class Thread

java.lang.Object
java.lang.Thread

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Runnable`

Direct Known Subclasses:
  `ForkJoinWorkerThread`

    public class Thread
    extends Object
    implements Runnable

A thread is a thread of execution in a program. The Java Virtual Machine allows an application to have multiple threads of execution running concurrently.

Every thread has a priority. Threads with higher priority are executed in preference to threads with lower priority. Each thread may or may not also be marked as a daemon. When code running in some thread creates a new `Thread` object, the new thread has its priority initially set equal to the priority of the creating thread, and is a daemon thread if and only if the creating thread is a daemon.

When a Java Virtual Machine starts up, there is usually a single non-daemon thread (which typically calls the method named `main` of some designated class). The Java Virtual Machine continues to execute threads until either of the following occurs:

- The `exit` method of class `Runtime` has been called and the security manager has permitted the exit operation to take place.
- All threads that are not daemon threads have died, either by returning from the call to the `run` method or by throwing an exception that propagates beyond the `run` method.

There are two ways to create a new thread of execution. One is to declare a class to be a subclass of `Thread`. This subclass should override the `run` method of class `Thread`. An instance of the subclass can then be allocated and started. For example, a thread that computes primes larger than a stated value could be written as follows:

>          class PrimeThread extends Thread {
>              long minPrime;
>              PrimeThread(long minPrime) {
>                  this.minPrime = minPrime;
>              }

>              public void run() {
>                  // compute primes larger than minPrime
>                   . . .
>              }
>          }

The following code would then create a thread and start it running:

>          PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143);
>          p.start();

The other way to create a thread is to declare a class that implements the `Runnable` interface. That class then implements the `run` method. An instance of the class can then be allocated, passed as an argument when creating `Thread`, and started. The same example in this other style looks like the following:

>          class PrimeRun implements Runnable {
>              long minPrime;
>              PrimeRun(long minPrime) {
>                  this.minPrime = minPrime;
>              }

>              public void run() {
>                  // compute primes larger than minPrime
>                   . . .
>              }
>          }

The following code would then create a thread and start it running:

>          PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143);
>          new Thread(p).start();

Every thread has a name for identification purposes. More than one thread may have the same name. If a name is not specified when a thread is created, a new name is generated for it.

Unless otherwise noted, passing a `null` argument to a constructor or method in this class will cause a `NullPointerException` to be thrown.

Since:
  1.0
See Also:
  `Runnable`, `Runtime.exit(int)`, `run()`, `stop()`

- ## Nested Class Summary

  Nested Classes
  Modifier and Type | Class | Description
  --- | --- | ---
  `static class` | `Thread.State` | A thread state.
  `static interface` | `Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler` | Interface for handlers invoked when a `Thread` abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.

- ## Field Summary

  Fields
  Modifier and Type | Field | Description
  --- | --- | ---
  `static int` | `MAX_PRIORITY` | The maximum priority that a thread can have.
  `static int` | `MIN_PRIORITY` | The minimum priority that a thread can have.
  `static int` | `NORM_PRIORITY` | The default priority that is assigned to a thread.

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor | Description
  --- | ---
  `Thread()` | Allocates a new `Thread` object.
  `Thread​(Runnable target)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object.
  `Thread​(Runnable target, String name)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object.
  `Thread​(String name)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object.
  `Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object.
  `Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object so that it has `target` as its run object, has the specified `name` as its name, and belongs to the thread group referred to by `group`.
  `Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name, long stackSize)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object so that it has `target` as its run object, has the specified `name` as its name, and belongs to the thread group referred to by `group`, and has the specified stack size.
  `Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name, long stackSize, boolean inheritThreadLocals)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object so that it has `target` as its run object, has the specified `name` as its name, belongs to the thread group referred to by `group`, has the specified `stackSize`, and inherits initial values for inheritable thread-local variables if `inheritThreadLocals` is `true`.
  `Thread​(ThreadGroup group, String name)` | Allocates a new `Thread` object.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type | Method | Description
  --- | --- | ---
  `static int` | `activeCount()` | Returns an estimate of the number of active threads in the current thread's thread group and its subgroups.
  `void` | `checkAccess()` | Determines if the currently running thread has permission to modify this thread.
  `protected Object` | `clone()` | Throws CloneNotSupportedException as a Thread can not be meaningfully cloned.
  `int` | `countStackFrames()` | Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version. This method was originally designed to count the number of stack frames but the results were never well-defined and it depended on thread-suspension.
  `static Thread` | `currentThread()` | Returns a reference to the currently executing thread object.
  `static void` | `dumpStack()` | Prints a stack trace of the current thread to the standard error stream.
  `static int` | `enumerate​(Thread[] tarray)` | Copies into the specified array every active thread in the current thread's thread group and its subgroups.
  `static Map<Thread,​StackTraceElement[]>` | `getAllStackTraces()` | Returns a map of stack traces for all live threads.
  `ClassLoader` | `getContextClassLoader()` | Returns the context `ClassLoader` for this thread.
  `static Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler` | `getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()` | Returns the default handler invoked when a thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.
  `long` | `getId()` | Returns the identifier of this Thread.
  `String` | `getName()` | Returns this thread's name.
  `int` | `getPriority()` | Returns this thread's priority.
  `StackTraceElement[]` | `getStackTrace()` | Returns an array of stack trace elements representing the stack dump of this thread.
  `Thread.State` | `getState()` | Returns the state of this thread.
  `ThreadGroup` | `getThreadGroup()` | Returns the thread group to which this thread belongs.
  `Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler` | `getUncaughtExceptionHandler()` | Returns the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.
  `static boolean` | `holdsLock​(Object obj)` | Returns `true` if and only if the current thread holds the monitor lock on the specified object.
  `void` | `interrupt()` | Interrupts this thread.
  `static boolean` | `interrupted()` | Tests whether the current thread has been interrupted.
  `boolean` | `isAlive()` | Tests if this thread is alive.
  `boolean` | `isDaemon()` | Tests if this thread is a daemon thread.
  `boolean` | `isInterrupted()` | Tests whether this thread has been interrupted.
  `void` | `join()` | Waits for this thread to die.
  `void` | `join​(long millis)` | Waits at most `millis` milliseconds for this thread to die.
  `void` | `join​(long millis, int nanos)` | Waits at most `millis` milliseconds plus `nanos` nanoseconds for this thread to die.
  `static void` | `onSpinWait()` | Indicates that the caller is momentarily unable to progress, until the occurrence of one or more actions on the part of other activities.
  `void` | `resume()` | Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version. This method exists solely for use with `suspend()`, which has been deprecated because it is deadlock-prone.
  `void` | `run()` | If this thread was constructed using a separate `Runnable` run object, then that `Runnable` object's `run` method is called; otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.
  `void` | `setContextClassLoader​(ClassLoader cl)` | Sets the context ClassLoader for this Thread.
  `void` | `setDaemon​(boolean on)` | Marks this thread as either a daemon thread or a user thread.
  `static void` | `setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler​(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)` | Set the default handler invoked when a thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception, and no other handler has been defined for that thread.
  `void` | `setName​(String name)` | Changes the name of this thread to be equal to the argument `name`.
  `void` | `setPriority​(int newPriority)` | Changes the priority of this thread.
  `void` | `setUncaughtExceptionHandler​(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)` | Set the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.
  `static void` | `sleep​(long millis)` | Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds, subject to the precision and accuracy of system timers and schedulers.
  `static void` | `sleep​(long millis, int nanos)` | Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds plus the specified number of nanoseconds, subject to the precision and accuracy of system timers and schedulers.
  `void` | `start()` | Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine calls the `run` method of this thread.
  `void` | `stop()` | Deprecated. This method is inherently unsafe.
  `void` | `suspend()` | Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version. This method has been deprecated, as it is inherently deadlock-prone.
  `String` | `toString()` | Returns a string representation of this thread, including the thread's name, priority, and thread group.
  `static void` | `yield()` | A hint to the scheduler that the current thread is willing to yield its current use of a processor.

  ### Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

  `equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Field Details

  - ### MIN_PRIORITY

    public static final int MIN_PRIORITY
    The minimum priority that a thread can have.
    See Also:
      Constant Field Values

  - ### NORM_PRIORITY

    public static final int NORM_PRIORITY
    The default priority that is assigned to a thread.
    See Also:
      Constant Field Values

  - ### MAX_PRIORITY

    public static final int MAX_PRIORITY
    The maximum priority that a thread can have.
    See Also:
      Constant Field Values

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### Thread

    public Thread()
    Allocates a new `Thread` object. This constructor has the same effect as Thread `(null, null, gname)`, where `gname` is a newly generated name. Automatically generated names are of the form `"Thread-"+`n, where n is an integer.

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(Runnable target)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object. This constructor has the same effect as Thread `(null, target, gname)`, where `gname` is a newly generated name. Automatically generated names are of the form `"Thread-"+`n, where n is an integer.
    Parameters:
      `target` - the object whose `run` method is invoked when this thread is started. If `null`, this classes `run` method does nothing.

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object. This constructor has the same effect as Thread `(group, target, gname)` ,where `gname` is a newly generated name. Automatically generated names are of the form `"Thread-"+`n, where n is an integer.
    Parameters:
      `group` - the thread group. If `null` and there is a security manager, the group is determined by SecurityManager.getThreadGroup(). If there is not a security manager or `SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()` returns `null`, the group is set to the current thread's thread group.
      `target` - the object whose `run` method is invoked when this thread is started. If `null`, this thread's run method is invoked.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified thread group

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(String name)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object. This constructor has the same effect as Thread `(null, null, name)`.
    Parameters:
      `name` - the name of the new thread

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(ThreadGroup group, String name)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object. This constructor has the same effect as Thread `(group, null, name)`.
    Parameters:
      `group` - the thread group. If `null` and there is a security manager, the group is determined by SecurityManager.getThreadGroup(). If there is not a security manager or `SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()` returns `null`, the group is set to the current thread's thread group.
      `name` - the name of the new thread
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified thread group

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(Runnable target, String name)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object. This constructor has the same effect as Thread `(null, target, name)`.
    Parameters:
      `target` - the object whose `run` method is invoked when this thread is started. If `null`, this thread's run method is invoked.
      `name` - the name of the new thread

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object so that it has `target` as its run object, has the specified `name` as its name, and belongs to the thread group referred to by `group`.

    If there is a security manager, its `checkAccess` method is invoked with the ThreadGroup as its argument.

    In addition, its `checkPermission` method is invoked with the `RuntimePermission("enableContextClassLoaderOverride")` permission when invoked directly or indirectly by the constructor of a subclass which overrides the `getContextClassLoader` or `setContextClassLoader` methods.

    The priority of the newly created thread is set equal to the priority of the thread creating it, that is, the currently running thread. The method setPriority may be used to change the priority to a new value.

    The newly created thread is initially marked as being a daemon thread if and only if the thread creating it is currently marked as a daemon thread. The method setDaemon may be used to change whether or not a thread is a daemon.

    Parameters:
      `group` - the thread group. If `null` and there is a security manager, the group is determined by SecurityManager.getThreadGroup(). If there is not a security manager or `SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()` returns `null`, the group is set to the current thread's thread group.
      `target` - the object whose `run` method is invoked when this thread is started. If `null`, this thread's run method is invoked.
      `name` - the name of the new thread
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified thread group or cannot override the context class loader methods.

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name, long stackSize)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object so that it has `target` as its run object, has the specified `name` as its name, and belongs to the thread group referred to by `group`, and has the specified stack size.

    This constructor is identical to `Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String)` with the exception of the fact that it allows the thread stack size to be specified. The stack size is the approximate number of bytes of address space that the virtual machine is to allocate for this thread's stack. The effect of the `stackSize` parameter, if any, is highly platform dependent.

    On some platforms, specifying a higher value for the `stackSize` parameter may allow a thread to achieve greater recursion depth before throwing a `StackOverflowError`. Similarly, specifying a lower value may allow a greater number of threads to exist concurrently without throwing an `OutOfMemoryError` (or other internal error). The details of the relationship between the value of the `stackSize` parameter and the maximum recursion depth and concurrency level are platform-dependent. On some platforms, the value of the `stackSize` parameter may have no effect whatsoever.

    The virtual machine is free to treat the `stackSize` parameter as a suggestion. If the specified value is unreasonably low for the platform, the virtual machine may instead use some platform-specific minimum value; if the specified value is unreasonably high, the virtual machine may instead use some platform-specific maximum. Likewise, the virtual machine is free to round the specified value up or down as it sees fit (or to ignore it completely).

    Specifying a value of zero for the `stackSize` parameter will cause this constructor to behave exactly like the `Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)` constructor.

    Due to the platform-dependent nature of the behavior of this constructor, extreme care should be exercised in its use. The thread stack size necessary to perform a given computation will likely vary from one JRE implementation to another. In light of this variation, careful tuning of the stack size parameter may be required, and the tuning may need to be repeated for each JRE implementation on which an application is to run.

    Implementation note: Java platform implementers are encouraged to document their implementation's behavior with respect to the `stackSize` parameter.

    Parameters:
      `group` - the thread group. If `null` and there is a security manager, the group is determined by SecurityManager.getThreadGroup(). If there is not a security manager or `SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()` returns `null`, the group is set to the current thread's thread group.
      `target` - the object whose `run` method is invoked when this thread is started. If `null`, this thread's run method is invoked.
      `name` - the name of the new thread
      `stackSize` - the desired stack size for the new thread, or zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified thread group
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### Thread

    public Thread​(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name, long stackSize, boolean inheritThreadLocals)
    Allocates a new `Thread` object so that it has `target` as its run object, has the specified `name` as its name, belongs to the thread group referred to by `group`, has the specified `stackSize`, and inherits initial values for inheritable thread-local variables if `inheritThreadLocals` is `true`.

    This constructor is identical to `Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String,long)` with the added ability to suppress, or not, the inheriting of initial values for inheritable thread-local variables from the constructing thread. This allows for finer grain control over inheritable thread-locals. Care must be taken when passing a value of `false` for `inheritThreadLocals`, as it may lead to unexpected behavior if the new thread executes code that expects a specific thread-local value to be inherited.

    Specifying a value of `true` for the `inheritThreadLocals` parameter will cause this constructor to behave exactly like the `Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String, long)` constructor.

    Parameters:
      `group` - the thread group. If `null` and there is a security manager, the group is determined by SecurityManager.getThreadGroup(). If there is not a security manager or `SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()` returns `null`, the group is set to the current thread's thread group.
      `target` - the object whose `run` method is invoked when this thread is started. If `null`, this thread's run method is invoked.
      `name` - the name of the new thread
      `stackSize` - the desired stack size for the new thread, or zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored
      `inheritThreadLocals` - if `true`, inherit initial values for inheritable thread-locals from the constructing thread, otherwise no initial values are inherited
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified thread group
    Since:
      9

- ## Method Details

  - ### currentThread

    public static Thread currentThread()
    Returns a reference to the currently executing thread object.
    Returns:
      the currently executing thread.

  - ### yield

    public static void yield()
    A hint to the scheduler that the current thread is willing to yield its current use of a processor. The scheduler is free to ignore this hint.

    Yield is a heuristic attempt to improve relative progression between threads that would otherwise over-utilise a CPU. Its use should be combined with detailed profiling and benchmarking to ensure that it actually has the desired effect.

    It is rarely appropriate to use this method. It may be useful for debugging or testing purposes, where it may help to reproduce bugs due to race conditions. It may also be useful when designing concurrency control constructs such as the ones in the `java.util.concurrent.locks` package.

  - ### sleep

    public static void sleep​(long millis) throws InterruptedException
    Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds, subject to the precision and accuracy of system timers and schedulers. The thread does not lose ownership of any monitors.
    Parameters:
      `millis` - the length of time to sleep in milliseconds
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value of `millis` is negative
      `InterruptedException` - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.

  - ### sleep

    public static void sleep​(long millis, int nanos) throws InterruptedException
    Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds plus the specified number of nanoseconds, subject to the precision and accuracy of system timers and schedulers. The thread does not lose ownership of any monitors.
    Parameters:
      `millis` - the length of time to sleep in milliseconds
      `nanos` - `0-999999` additional nanoseconds to sleep
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value of `millis` is negative, or the value of `nanos` is not in the range `0-999999`
      `InterruptedException` - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.

  - ### onSpinWait

    public static void onSpinWait()
    Indicates that the caller is momentarily unable to progress, until the occurrence of one or more actions on the part of other activities. By invoking this method within each iteration of a spin-wait loop construct, the calling thread indicates to the runtime that it is busy-waiting. The runtime may take action to improve the performance of invoking spin-wait loop constructions.
    API Note:
      As an example consider a method in a class that spins in a loop until some flag is set outside of that method. A call to the `onSpinWait` method should be placed inside the spin loop.

               class EventHandler {
                   volatile boolean eventNotificationNotReceived;
                   void waitForEventAndHandleIt() {
                       while ( eventNotificationNotReceived ) {
                           java.lang.Thread.onSpinWait();
                       }
                       readAndProcessEvent();
                   }

                   void readAndProcessEvent() {
                       // Read event from some source and process it
                        . . .
                   }
               }

      The code above would remain correct even if the `onSpinWait` method was not called at all. However on some architectures the Java Virtual Machine may issue the processor instructions to address such code patterns in a more beneficial way.

    Since:
      9

  - ### clone

    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
    Throws CloneNotSupportedException as a Thread can not be meaningfully cloned. Construct a new Thread instead.
    Overrides:
      `clone` in class `Object`
    Returns:
      a clone of this instance.
    Throws:
      `CloneNotSupportedException` - always
    See Also:
      `Cloneable`

  - ### start

    public void start()
    Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine calls the `run` method of this thread.

    The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the current thread (which returns from the call to the `start` method) and the other thread (which executes its `run` method).

    It is never legal to start a thread more than once. In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed execution.

    Throws:
      `IllegalThreadStateException` - if the thread was already started.
    See Also:
      `run()`, `stop()`

  - ### run

    public void run()
    If this thread was constructed using a separate `Runnable` run object, then that `Runnable` object's `run` method is called; otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.

    Subclasses of `Thread` should override this method.

    Specified by:
      `run` in interface `Runnable`
    See Also:
      `start()`, `stop()`, `Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)`

  - ### stop

    @Deprecated(since="1.2") public final void stop()
    Deprecated.
    This method is inherently unsafe. Stopping a thread with Thread.stop causes it to unlock all of the monitors that it has locked (as a natural consequence of the unchecked `ThreadDeath` exception propagating up the stack). If any of the objects previously protected by these monitors were in an inconsistent state, the damaged objects become visible to other threads, potentially resulting in arbitrary behavior. Many uses of `stop` should be replaced by code that simply modifies some variable to indicate that the target thread should stop running. The target thread should check this variable regularly, and return from its run method in an orderly fashion if the variable indicates that it is to stop running. If the target thread waits for long periods (on a condition variable, for example), the `interrupt` method should be used to interrupt the wait. For more information, see Why are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
    Forces the thread to stop executing.

    If there is a security manager installed, its `checkAccess` method is called with `this` as its argument. This may result in a `SecurityException` being raised (in the current thread).

    If this thread is different from the current thread (that is, the current thread is trying to stop a thread other than itself), the security manager's `checkPermission` method (with a `RuntimePermission("stopThread")` argument) is called in addition. Again, this may result in throwing a `SecurityException` (in the current thread).

    The thread represented by this thread is forced to stop whatever it is doing abnormally and to throw a newly created `ThreadDeath` object as an exception.

    It is permitted to stop a thread that has not yet been started. If the thread is eventually started, it immediately terminates.

    An application should not normally try to catch `ThreadDeath` unless it must do some extraordinary cleanup operation (note that the throwing of `ThreadDeath` causes `finally` clauses of `try` statements to be executed before the thread officially dies). If a `catch` clause catches a `ThreadDeath` object, it is important to rethrow the object so that the thread actually dies.

    The top-level error handler that reacts to otherwise uncaught exceptions does not print out a message or otherwise notify the application if the uncaught exception is an instance of `ThreadDeath`.

    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot modify this thread.
    See Also:
      `interrupt()`, `checkAccess()`, `run()`, `start()`, `ThreadDeath`, `ThreadGroup.uncaughtException(Thread,Throwable)`, `SecurityManager.checkAccess(Thread)`, `SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)`

  - ### interrupt

    public void interrupt()
    Interrupts this thread.

    Unless the current thread is interrupting itself, which is always permitted, the `checkAccess` method of this thread is invoked, which may cause a `SecurityException` to be thrown.

    If this thread is blocked in an invocation of the `wait()`, `wait(long)`, or `wait(long, int)` methods of the `Object` class, or of the `join()`, `join(long)`, `join(long, int)`, `sleep(long)`, or `sleep(long, int)`, methods of this class, then its interrupt status will be cleared and it will receive an `InterruptedException`.

    If this thread is blocked in an I/O operation upon an `InterruptibleChannel` then the channel will be closed, the thread's interrupt status will be set, and the thread will receive a `ClosedByInterruptException`.

    If this thread is blocked in a `Selector` then the thread's interrupt status will be set and it will return immediately from the selection operation, possibly with a non-zero value, just as if the selector's `wakeup` method were invoked.

    If none of the previous conditions hold then this thread's interrupt status will be set.

    Interrupting a thread that is not alive need not have any effect.

    Implementation Note:
      In the JDK Reference Implementation, interruption of a thread that is not alive still records that the interrupt request was made and will report it via `interrupted` and `isInterrupted()`.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot modify this thread

  - ### interrupted

    public static boolean interrupted()
    Tests whether the current thread has been interrupted. The interrupted status of the thread is cleared by this method. In other words, if this method were to be called twice in succession, the second call would return false (unless the current thread were interrupted again, after the first call had cleared its interrupted status and before the second call had examined it).
    Returns:
      `true` if the current thread has been interrupted; `false` otherwise.
    See Also:
      `isInterrupted()`

  - ### isInterrupted

    public boolean isInterrupted()
    Tests whether this thread has been interrupted. The interrupted status of the thread is unaffected by this method.
    Returns:
      `true` if this thread has been interrupted; `false` otherwise.
    See Also:
      `interrupted()`

  - ### isAlive

    public final boolean isAlive()
    Tests if this thread is alive. A thread is alive if it has been started and has not yet died.
    Returns:
      `true` if this thread is alive; `false` otherwise.

  - ### suspend

    @Deprecated(since="1.2", forRemoval=true) public final void suspend()
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    This method has been deprecated, as it is inherently deadlock-prone. If the target thread holds a lock on the monitor protecting a critical system resource when it is suspended, no thread can access this resource until the target thread is resumed. If the thread that would resume the target thread attempts to lock this monitor prior to calling `resume`, deadlock results. Such deadlocks typically manifest themselves as "frozen" processes. For more information, see Why are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
    Suspends this thread.

    First, the `checkAccess` method of this thread is called with no arguments. This may result in throwing a `SecurityException` (in the current thread).

    If the thread is alive, it is suspended and makes no further progress unless and until it is resumed.

    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot modify this thread.
    See Also:
      `checkAccess()`

  - ### resume

    @Deprecated(since="1.2", forRemoval=true) public final void resume()
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    This method exists solely for use with `suspend()`, which has been deprecated because it is deadlock-prone. For more information, see Why are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
    Resumes a suspended thread.

    First, the `checkAccess` method of this thread is called with no arguments. This may result in throwing a `SecurityException` (in the current thread).

    If the thread is alive but suspended, it is resumed and is permitted to make progress in its execution.

    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot modify this thread.
    See Also:
      `checkAccess()`, `suspend()`

  - ### setPriority

    public final void setPriority​(int newPriority)
    Changes the priority of this thread.

    First the `checkAccess` method of this thread is called with no arguments. This may result in throwing a `SecurityException`.

    Otherwise, the priority of this thread is set to the smaller of the specified `newPriority` and the maximum permitted priority of the thread's thread group.

    Parameters:
      `newPriority` - priority to set this thread to
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - If the priority is not in the range `MIN_PRIORITY` to `MAX_PRIORITY`.
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot modify this thread.
    See Also:
      `getPriority()`, `checkAccess()`, `getThreadGroup()`, `MAX_PRIORITY`, `MIN_PRIORITY`, `ThreadGroup.getMaxPriority()`

  - ### getPriority

    public final int getPriority()
    Returns this thread's priority.
    Returns:
      this thread's priority.
    See Also:
      `setPriority(int)`

  - ### setName

    public final void setName​(String name)
    Changes the name of this thread to be equal to the argument `name`.

    First the `checkAccess` method of this thread is called with no arguments. This may result in throwing a `SecurityException`.

    Parameters:
      `name` - the new name for this thread.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot modify this thread.
    See Also:
      `getName()`, `checkAccess()`

  - ### getName

    public final String getName()
    Returns this thread's name.
    Returns:
      this thread's name.
    See Also:
      `setName(String)`

  - ### getThreadGroup

    public final ThreadGroup getThreadGroup()
    Returns the thread group to which this thread belongs. This method returns null if this thread has died (been stopped).
    Returns:
      this thread's thread group.

  - ### activeCount

    public static int activeCount()
    Returns an estimate of the number of active threads in the current thread's thread group and its subgroups. Recursively iterates over all subgroups in the current thread's thread group.

    The value returned is only an estimate because the number of threads may change dynamically while this method traverses internal data structures, and might be affected by the presence of certain system threads. This method is intended primarily for debugging and monitoring purposes.

    Returns:
      an estimate of the number of active threads in the current thread's thread group and in any other thread group that has the current thread's thread group as an ancestor

  - ### enumerate

    public static int enumerate​(Thread[] tarray)
    Copies into the specified array every active thread in the current thread's thread group and its subgroups. This method simply invokes the `ThreadGroup.enumerate(Thread[])` method of the current thread's thread group.

    An application might use the activeCount method to get an estimate of how big the array should be, however if the array is too short to hold all the threads, the extra threads are silently ignored. If it is critical to obtain every active thread in the current thread's thread group and its subgroups, the invoker should verify that the returned int value is strictly less than the length of `tarray`.

    Due to the inherent race condition in this method, it is recommended that the method only be used for debugging and monitoring purposes.

    Parameters:
      `tarray` - an array into which to put the list of threads
    Returns:
      the number of threads put into the array
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if `ThreadGroup.checkAccess()` determines that the current thread cannot access its thread group

  - ### countStackFrames

    @Deprecated(since="1.2", forRemoval=true) public int countStackFrames()
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    This method was originally designed to count the number of stack frames but the results were never well-defined and it depended on thread-suspension. This method is subject to removal in a future version of Java SE.
    Throws `UnsupportedOperationException`.
    Returns:
      nothing
    See Also:
      `StackWalker`

  - ### join

    public final void join​(long millis) throws InterruptedException
    Waits at most `millis` milliseconds for this thread to die. A timeout of `0` means to wait forever.

    This implementation uses a loop of `this.wait` calls conditioned on `this.isAlive`. As a thread terminates the `this.notifyAll` method is invoked. It is recommended that applications not use `wait`, `notify`, or `notifyAll` on `Thread` instances.

    Parameters:
      `millis` - the time to wait in milliseconds
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value of `millis` is negative
      `InterruptedException` - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.

  - ### join

    public final void join​(long millis, int nanos) throws InterruptedException
    Waits at most `millis` milliseconds plus `nanos` nanoseconds for this thread to die. If both arguments are `0`, it means to wait forever.

    This implementation uses a loop of `this.wait` calls conditioned on `this.isAlive`. As a thread terminates the `this.notifyAll` method is invoked. It is recommended that applications not use `wait`, `notify`, or `notifyAll` on `Thread` instances.

    Parameters:
      `millis` - the time to wait in milliseconds
      `nanos` - `0-999999` additional nanoseconds to wait
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value of `millis` is negative, or the value of `nanos` is not in the range `0-999999`
      `InterruptedException` - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.

  - ### join

    public final void join() throws InterruptedException
    Waits for this thread to die.

    An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation

    > join`(0)`

    Throws:
      `InterruptedException` - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.

  - ### dumpStack

    public static void dumpStack()
    Prints a stack trace of the current thread to the standard error stream. This method is used only for debugging.

  - ### setDaemon

    public final void setDaemon​(boolean on)
    Marks this thread as either a daemon thread or a user thread. The Java Virtual Machine exits when the only threads running are all daemon threads.

    This method must be invoked before the thread is started.

    Parameters:
      `on` - if `true`, marks this thread as a daemon thread
    Throws:
      `IllegalThreadStateException` - if this thread is alive
      `SecurityException` - if `checkAccess()` determines that the current thread cannot modify this thread

  - ### isDaemon

    public final boolean isDaemon()
    Tests if this thread is a daemon thread.
    Returns:
      `true` if this thread is a daemon thread; `false` otherwise.
    See Also:
      `setDaemon(boolean)`

  - ### checkAccess

    public final void checkAccess()
    Determines if the currently running thread has permission to modify this thread.

    If there is a security manager, its `checkAccess` method is called with this thread as its argument. This may result in throwing a `SecurityException`.

    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread is not allowed to access this thread.
    See Also:
      `SecurityManager.checkAccess(Thread)`

  - ### toString

    public String toString()
    Returns a string representation of this thread, including the thread's name, priority, and thread group.
    Overrides:
      `toString` in class `Object`
    Returns:
      a string representation of this thread.

  - ### getContextClassLoader

    public ClassLoader getContextClassLoader()
    Returns the context `ClassLoader` for this thread. The context `ClassLoader` is provided by the creator of the thread for use by code running in this thread when loading classes and resources. If not set, the default is the `ClassLoader` context of the parent thread. The context `ClassLoader` of the primordial thread is typically set to the class loader used to load the application.
    Returns:
      the context `ClassLoader` for this thread, or `null` indicating the system class loader (or, failing that, the bootstrap class loader)
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not `null` and is not the same as or an ancestor of the context class loader, and the caller does not have the `RuntimePermission``("getClassLoader")`
    Since:
      1.2

  - ### setContextClassLoader

    public void setContextClassLoader​(ClassLoader cl)
    Sets the context ClassLoader for this Thread. The context ClassLoader can be set when a thread is created, and allows the creator of the thread to provide the appropriate class loader, through `getContextClassLoader`, to code running in the thread when loading classes and resources.

    If a security manager is present, its `checkPermission` method is invoked with a `RuntimePermission``("setContextClassLoader")` permission to see if setting the context ClassLoader is permitted.

    Parameters:
      `cl` - the context ClassLoader for this Thread, or null indicating the system class loader (or, failing that, the bootstrap class loader)
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread cannot set the context ClassLoader
    Since:
      1.2

  - ### holdsLock

    public static boolean holdsLock​(Object obj)
    Returns `true` if and only if the current thread holds the monitor lock on the specified object.

    This method is designed to allow a program to assert that the current thread already holds a specified lock:

             assert Thread.holdsLock(obj);

    Parameters:
      `obj` - the object on which to test lock ownership
    Returns:
      `true` if the current thread holds the monitor lock on the specified object.
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if obj is `null`
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### getStackTrace

    public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace()
    Returns an array of stack trace elements representing the stack dump of this thread. This method will return a zero-length array if this thread has not started, has started but has not yet been scheduled to run by the system, or has terminated. If the returned array is of non-zero length then the first element of the array represents the top of the stack, which is the most recent method invocation in the sequence. The last element of the array represents the bottom of the stack, which is the least recent method invocation in the sequence.

    If there is a security manager, and this thread is not the current thread, then the security manager's `checkPermission` method is called with a `RuntimePermission("getStackTrace")` permission to see if it's ok to get the stack trace.

    Some virtual machines may, under some circumstances, omit one or more stack frames from the stack trace. In the extreme case, a virtual machine that has no stack trace information concerning this thread is permitted to return a zero-length array from this method.

    Returns:
      an array of `StackTraceElement`, each represents one stack frame.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkPermission` method doesn't allow getting the stack trace of thread.
    Since:
      1.5
    See Also:
      `SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)`, `RuntimePermission`, `Throwable.getStackTrace()`

  - ### getAllStackTraces

    public static Map<Thread,​StackTraceElement[]> getAllStackTraces()
    Returns a map of stack traces for all live threads. The map keys are threads and each map value is an array of `StackTraceElement` that represents the stack dump of the corresponding `Thread`. The returned stack traces are in the format specified for the `getStackTrace` method.

    The threads may be executing while this method is called. The stack trace of each thread only represents a snapshot and each stack trace may be obtained at different time. A zero-length array will be returned in the map value if the virtual machine has no stack trace information about a thread.

    If there is a security manager, then the security manager's `checkPermission` method is called with a `RuntimePermission("getStackTrace")` permission as well as `RuntimePermission("modifyThreadGroup")` permission to see if it is ok to get the stack trace of all threads.

    Returns:
      a `Map` from `Thread` to an array of `StackTraceElement` that represents the stack trace of the corresponding thread.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if a security manager exists and its `checkPermission` method doesn't allow getting the stack trace of thread.
    Since:
      1.5
    See Also:
      `getStackTrace()`, `SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)`, `RuntimePermission`, `Throwable.getStackTrace()`

  - ### getId

    public long getId()
    Returns the identifier of this Thread. The thread ID is a positive `long` number generated when this thread was created. The thread ID is unique and remains unchanged during its lifetime. When a thread is terminated, this thread ID may be reused.
    Returns:
      this thread's ID.
    Since:
      1.5

  - ### getState

    public Thread.State getState()
    Returns the state of this thread. This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system state, not for synchronization control.
    Returns:
      this thread's state.
    Since:
      1.5

  - ### setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler

    public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler​(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)
    Set the default handler invoked when a thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception, and no other handler has been defined for that thread.

    Uncaught exception handling is controlled first by the thread, then by the thread's `ThreadGroup` object and finally by the default uncaught exception handler. If the thread does not have an explicit uncaught exception handler set, and the thread's thread group (including parent thread groups) does not specialize its `uncaughtException` method, then the default handler's `uncaughtException` method will be invoked.

    By setting the default uncaught exception handler, an application can change the way in which uncaught exceptions are handled (such as logging to a specific device, or file) for those threads that would already accept whatever "default" behavior the system provided.

    Note that the default uncaught exception handler should not usually defer to the thread's `ThreadGroup` object, as that could cause infinite recursion.

    Parameters:
      `eh` - the object to use as the default uncaught exception handler. If `null` then there is no default handler.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if a security manager is present and it denies `RuntimePermission``("setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler")`
    Since:
      1.5
    See Also:
      `setUncaughtExceptionHandler(java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler)`, `getUncaughtExceptionHandler()`, `ThreadGroup.uncaughtException(java.lang.Thread, java.lang.Throwable)`

  - ### getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler

    public static Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()
    Returns the default handler invoked when a thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception. If the returned value is `null`, there is no default.
    Returns:
      the default uncaught exception handler for all threads
    Since:
      1.5
    See Also:
      `setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler)`

  - ### getUncaughtExceptionHandler

    public Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler()
    Returns the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception. If this thread has not had an uncaught exception handler explicitly set then this thread's `ThreadGroup` object is returned, unless this thread has terminated, in which case `null` is returned.
    Returns:
      the uncaught exception handler for this thread
    Since:
      1.5

  - ### setUncaughtExceptionHandler

    public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler​(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)
    Set the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.

    A thread can take full control of how it responds to uncaught exceptions by having its uncaught exception handler explicitly set. If no such handler is set then the thread's `ThreadGroup` object acts as its handler.

    Parameters:
      `eh` - the object to use as this thread's uncaught exception handler. If `null` then this thread has no explicit handler.
    Throws:
      `SecurityException` - if the current thread is not allowed to modify this thread.
    Since:
      1.5
    See Also:
      `setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler)`, `ThreadGroup.uncaughtException(java.lang.Thread, java.lang.Throwable)`