\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
% Packages requested by user
\usepackage{amsmath}

\usepackage{newunicodechar}
  \newunicodechar{⁻}{${}^{-}$}% Superscript minus
  \newunicodechar{²}{${}^{2}$}% Superscript two
  \newunicodechar{³}{${}^{3}$}% Superscript three

\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\[ A=\begin{bmatrix} a_{0}\quad a_{1}\quad a_{2} \end{bmatrix} \]
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$ a_{0} $
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$ a_{1} $
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$ a_{2} $
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\[ A=\begin{bmatrix} a_{00}\quad a_{01}\quad a_{02}\\ a_{10}\quad a_{11}\quad a_{12}\\ a_{20}\quad a_{21}\quad a_{22}\\ \end{bmatrix} \]
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\[ A=\begin{bmatrix} a_{00}\quad a_{01}\quad a_{02}\quad a_{03}\\ a_{10}\quad a_{11}\quad a_{12}\quad a_{13}\\ a_{20}\quad a_{21}\quad a_{22}\quad a_{23}\\ a_{30}\quad a_{31}\quad a_{32}\quad a_{33}\\ \end{bmatrix} \]
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$ a_{00} $
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$ a_{01} $
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$ a_{02} $
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$ a_{10} $
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$ a_{03} $
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$ a_{12} $
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$ a_{11} $
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$ a_{20} $
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$ a_{21} $
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$ a_{13} $
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$ a_{22} $
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$ a_{23} $
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$ a_{30} $
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$ a_{31} $
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$ a_{32} $
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$ a_{33} $
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$|\nabla \phi|^2 = 1$
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$\nabla f\nabla \phi = 0$
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$|\nabla \phi|^2 = 1 $
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\end{document}
